Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay

Increase In Private Car Usage look EssayThis paper shows the public attitude towards juvenile urban transference system. This piece of work was actually taken out when the protrude was being under construction. ergodic sampling was done to the people who commute mostly by their own auto. People were asked different questions by surveying questionnaire to scrape up break attitudes. SPSS was used to find results. Most people were not imparting to work shift from their own car to new urban transport system. By results it was found that current public transport in Lahore is uncomfortable, unsecure, and not reliable. By assuring that new system will be reliable, comfortable and suits you in e very respect, most people were still unintentional to switch from car because they dont arouse trust on govt. To conclude, new system has drawbacks and people attitudes ar not eco- friendly.INTRODUCTIONIncrease in clubby car usage in developing countries is causing numerous problems. M any big cities of developing world are facing issues like congestion, air pollution and so on Public transport and sustainable modes of travelling are considered to be solution. (Goodwin, 1996 Greene and Wegener, 1997).Lahore is the second populated metropolis of Pakistan. Its population is more than 9 gazillion and about 13.5 million daily people travel in 2006. (Transport Department1, 2012).Population is increasing, private car trend and related problems are exacerbating. In city, public transport is very badly managed, traffic jams has increased the commute distance. Lahore Transport Company buses are good but these are in very few routes. Mostly mini-buses which are very poor in condition are study transportation mode.By the last 15 years, increase in population and private vehicles has deteriorated air quality. fomite registration has increased from 56 to 116 per 1000 inhabitants. Cars cede been increasing 10-15% annually. (Transport Department2, 2012)There were 2129990 total registered vehicles up to June 2009. (Punjab Development Statics, 2010)Public transport is often considered a sustainable mode for transportation. There should be policy measures to increase public transport usage. For that, public transport systems have to be improved by understanding the travel behavior and consumer needs. ( Beirao and Cabral, 2007 )Rapid Transit SystemTo cope with traffic problems and such issues JICA done a detailed study in Lahore on transportation system. The study plan was for 20 years, two main corridors were identifiedFerozepur Road Corridor 28.7 KmMultan Road Corridor 12.4 KmFerozpur Road corridor is also called Green Line, which extends from Hamza Town to Shahdara. It goes along Ferozpur Road, Fatima Jinnah Road, The Mall, set out Mall, Ravi Road and ends on Shahdara through River Ravi.The journey from Hamza Town to Shahdra Station will take about 45 minutes by a regular whet of 33 Km/hr. It is assessed that 380,000 commuters will travel per day in 2015 rising to around 666,000 by 2025. The expected cost of Green Line is 2.4 billion US$, and an EIRR of over 13%.Orange Line is second important line 27 Km long from South west of Lahore at Ali Town to Dera Guran in the North east. It runs along Raiwind Road to Thokar Niazbeg, Multan Road, Lake Road, Macleod Road, GT Raod and ends on east of Ring Road GT Road interchange.The Patronage of this line is projected to be about 330,000 commuters per day in the opening year 2018, going up to 495,000 by 2025. The expected cost is 2.0 billion US$ and EIRR is 10%.Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project also stimulated private sector attention in city transport system. Govt. of Punjab and Lahore Transport Company would make sure investment friendly environment to the private sector to practice protected, comfortable, reliable and inexpensive public transport.Feasibility, design, manufacture, process and attention of BRT will be on BOT basis. Therell be electronic set system and fare will be de cided by LTC which can vary with the time. Standards of safety and speed will be sustained.It will save vehicle operational and maintenance cost. Travel time and congestion will decrease resulting in reduced number of driveway accidents. Economic activities will upturn. By the presence of smoother and safer intra city travel system people will tend to switch from private car to new urban transport system. Thus this will be supply efficient and sustainable mode. Project implementation is based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) which will resolve finance problem and project will complete in certain time.Private party will be responsible for whole implementation of project.BRT system will take up in the central defined lanes. This will prevent from traffic queues, pedestrians, misbranded parked automobiles etc. Passengers will pay on bus stop entering, and every curriculum of station will be elevated to the height of bus floor. Bus lanes must be maintained by regulatory signing and separated from slackening of the traffic by physical barriers. Additional force will be hired to prevent infringement into bus lanes and fines will be charged for illegal entry. Bus way requires two lanes in each course, and one lane will be 10 feet wide in each course.(Transport Department1, 2012 Transport Department2, 2012) orderological analysisData SourceRandom sampling was done along the proposed Green Line where project work had been started. It was about long. I did survey in Punjab Secretariat, Govt. College University, Punjab University (old campus), Choburji, 32 Chowk, Urdu Bazar.I selected those people who travel by their private car mostly. I acquired the information by asking questions so that i tried to get germane(predicate) and accurate answer. There were 100 questionnaires that I filled by people. Before it I run pilot testing to correct mistakes in our questionnaire.For all the statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Th en the analytical techniques like frequencies, cross tables, correlations, and regression was done and interpreted the results.VARIABLESThe variables that I used in questionnaire were age, income, nurture, marital status, sexual activity, family size, commuting distance, time return on road, usage of public transport, dependability of public transport, reason for using private car, air pollution by car usage, road congestion on road, reliance on new urban transport, willingness to switch from car, reason for not willing.Contingent Evaluation MethodI used CVM rule to find willingness to switch from car usage to new urban transport system. CVM is used to find willingness to pay and willingness to accept for some betterment in the system. The method enables us to establish the value of those goods and services that are not exchanged in markets hence prices are not associated with them.ResultsCorrelationsWhat is your program line?Will you switch to new transport system?What is you r education?Pearson Correlation1.077Sig. (2-tailed).444N100100Will you switch to new transport system?Pearson Correlation.0771Sig. (2-tailed).444N100100As the value is .077 near to zero it means theres a weak relation among education and willingness to switch. More the education means that theres less willingness to switch from private car usage to public transport. People were not willing to switch either they have highly educate or not. This shows the selfish and non-friendly behavior to environment.CorrelationsWhat is your income?Will you switch to new transport system?What is your income?Pearson Correlation1.059Sig. (2-tailed).562N100100Will you switch to new transport system?Pearson Correlation.0591Sig. (2-tailed).562N100100Correlation value is .059 for income, showing also weak relation between income and willingness to switch. More the income person is less likely to switch from car usage to public transport.RegressionThe value of regression should be from 0 to 1. The low v alue education, income and other factors show that the people attitudes are not determined by these factors. They dont care of environment.R- SQUAREModel SummaryModelRR uncoiledAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate1.121a.015-.0161.0182.199b.040-.0221.0213.214c.046-.0501.035a. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age?b. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance?c. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? Road congestion increased time spends, comfort and reliability of public transport, new urban transport system is reliableT-valueCoefficientsaModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientsTSig.BStd. ErrorBeta1(Constant)1.204.4542.652.009What is your age?.015.136.014.113.911What is y our income?.064.153.050.417.677What is your gender?.212.204.1061.041.3012(Constant).702.6711.047.298What is your age?.009.138.008.063.950What is your income?.054.158.043.342.733What is your gender?.196.205.097.955.342What is your education?.094.176.056.537.593What type of is your job?.148.106.1431.391.168What is your commuting distance?.012.178.007.065.9483(Constant)1.153.9161.260.211What is your age?.011.140.010.077.939What is your income?.050.163.040.308.759What is your gender?.178.209.089.851.397What is your education?.087.182.051.481.632What type of is your job?.151.108.1461.401.165What is your commuting distance?.020.181.011.108.914comfort and reliability of public transport-.118.198-.063-.595.553new urban transport system is reliable-.028.127-.024-.218.828road congestion increased time spend-.045.107-.044-.419.677a. Dependent Variable will you switch to new transport system?Conclusion and DiscussionRoad congestion and air pollution is one of the major problems caused by increa sing trend of private car usage. Public transport is often considered an effective and environment friendly way of travelling. Rapid jump project in Lahore seems to be effective but people using private car are not willing to switch to this.Most people dont have trust on current government, they dislike this project. Some say that this project would not be completed because this government was going to end sooner.And they didnt believe that itd have security, more comfort, and better management.And many people had the problem that this rapid transit route is specified and their homes were far away. So, if they wanted to travel by mass transit then they had to cover long distance to join it.Some people say that they had to done different tasks in whole day so the quantify of rapid transit would not suit them.Only, very less people were agreed on switching to rapid transit because they suffer mostly by traffic jams and cant afford any damage to their car.These all are behaviors of p eople and they dont depend totally on education, income, marital status, gender, commuting distance etc.By doing all work I concluded that the behavior would all different when the project was completed and bus was started to travel. Mini-buses, vans, and open rickshaws would almost washout. Because these all are in very bad conditions and person only used that due to absence of alternative.So, I think theres no need to tell the people castigate things but change the situation and conditions so that their attitude becomes environmental friendly. As effective policy making and its implementation can do this.

Cosmopolitan Promotional Strategies

oecumenical Promotional StrategiesA case study into the promotional strategies of a consumer time and how these integrate into the marketing outline of the sector of pickup publishing.Promotional StrategiesWhat I chose and whyFor this case study I direct chosen to critiqueCosmopolitan. This magazine was chosen for numerous reasons. Firstly for itshistorical contribution within the landscape of womens magazines in the UK. Alsobecause up until recently Cosmopolitan was the highest selling womens magazinein the UK. Due to the launch of Glamour, Cosmopolitan has lost this title. Iwill explore the promotional strategies Cosmopolitan has employ to try toregain their past position as top of the magazine rankings, and look at howsuccessful they take on been to date.Cosmopolitan has been the magazine of choiceuntil Glamour launched in 2000. Glamour stone-broke radiation diagram by printing in asmaller size that could fit in a womans handbag. Glamour ultimately ushered inthe era of c onvenience in magazines. Women no long- constituted turn to magazines foropinion, unless its on makeup and clothesCosmopolitans target audienceAccording to the Cosmopolitan media packCosmo women be young, ambitious, informed. Themajority are in full-time work. They earn and they run Cosmo women slide byover 1 billion a course of instruction on fashion. They account for 1 out of every 11 spenton cosmetics and skincare in the UK. Cosmo readers live intumesce they spend over2 billion on their homes, 3.5 billion on food and almost 1.4 billion on crudecars.1PEST AnalysisPolitical FutureWhen the title launched in the UK in 1972, theeditor Joyce Hopkirk -and fashion and beauty editor Deirdre McShany bothcame from the Sun. Left-wing views were quite prominent in the UK mutation. Infact, in the second UK edition, Germaine Greers husband caused a stir byposing nude in the magazine an inside joke for feminists.In its early stages, Cosmopolitan was constantlyin the headlines. The Da ily Mail was shocked by its use of the wordvirgin in an ad, and London Transport insisted that the wordfrigid, used in another ad, must be covered up with a black strip.However, the black strip wasnt long enough, and on some posters the advertread, I was f.d.The current crusade in womens magazines is movingaway from political and social issues and more into the world of credit and arrestingism. Despite this, Cosmopolitan is determined to maintain itspolitical routes. In January 2005, Sam Baker, the magazines current editor,contacted the leaders of the Labour, at large(p) and Conservative parties forinterviews in the magazine to coincide with the 2005 general election. In aninterview with Louise France for The Observer she explained herreasoning behind these political featuresBakerdoesnt care what her readers vote, she just believes that they need toexercise their rights. If we dont, were in danger of disenfranchisingourselves. And if we dont bring forth voting we run the risk of never voting.2Economic FutureThe magazine market has hada5% year-on-year organize in the number of copies actively purchasedaccording to ABC figures released for the period to declination 2004. However, on that point has been fear about a possible saturation of the womens magazine market.ABC figures showed there was no cause for concern.This yearhowever, I believe is the year of the womens magazine market. These latestfigures reveal an upward surge in womens glossies such as Glamour,Cosmopolitan and Marie Claire. This increase in circulationindicates that womens appetite for glossies magazines hasnt abated or reachedsaturation point like many feared.3Despite a clear rise in womensmagazine readership, Cosmopolitan which rose 5.08% from 397,272 in December2003 to 417,445 in December 2004 Cosmopolitan still finds itself in anunstable position, trailing in second place to Glamour magazine, which had a5.67% year on year increase, from 548,672 to 579,761.Social-Cultural FutureWomens magazines, especially fashion magazines, tend to address well-educated youngreaders who are seen as loyal, independent, and ready to spend. This explainsthe overall in conformity of magazine content, with their sections devoted tocelebrity features, fashion, beauty, health, interior and lifestyle. Butmagazine publishers like the media industry in general are now viewingyouth as an increasingly elastic category (Gough-Yates, 2003, p4).On a whole,Cosmopolitan has well-tried to fight this trend towards celebrity and fashion, bymaintaining a sexual orientation to its features. However, elasticity in thereadership is more wide spread. Currently, there are large proportions ofBangladesh, Indian, cruddy Caribbean, Black African and Chinese women in thedemographic that Cosmopolitan targets4. Again, Cosmopolitan hasresisted this cultural change the majority of non-white faces in the May 2005edition were from the advertisement pages.Technological FutureCosmopolitanhas not bought into sci entific change as much as its contemporaries. Mostwomens magazines now have an online version of the magazine for people toview. However, Cosmopolitan choose provide a service with their online foreparta means for its audience to purchase the branded items, and access otherservices related to the magazine and its readers. Cosmopolitans website ismore of a Cosmopolitan portal.From the PESTanalysis, it is clear that Cosmopolitan does not adjust well to change. It seesitself as an institution due to its early political routes and is finding ithard to shake this responsibility.Promotional strategies employedThe MessageThe strapline for Cosmopolitan is For FunFearless Females. While it emphasises strength in women, there is anunderlying element of not being afraid to be feminine, indicated in the use ofthe world females instead of women. This coincides with McCrackens (1993)belief that when buying a magazine we are buying into a feminine ideal. Infact, she believes that women readers ar e duped bymagazines into becoming slaves to trends in fashion, beauty and femininity.The CoverIt isconvention among womens magazines to have their featured star celebrityadorning the covers. This is a major promotional tool in the currentcelebrity-focused climate. Cosmopolitan strays from this slightly. While themagazine will have a celebrity featured in every edition, these celebrities areoften not featured on the cover. rather, Cosmopolitan has created a coverelement called Cosmo Loves, and a celebrity of choice is placed on the coverunder this banner. There is a page inside the magazine that offers the coverstar a small focus without this, the audience would feel cheated.Cosmopolitanstill uses cover layout conventions and takes bank line of page existing estate, withthe word Sexy a word synonymous with what people expect of Cosmopolitancontent written in a large font in the top left field hand corner. There is alsothe use of numbers in the top left hand corner, and even a c ircle in the cranial orbit -a tool used in shops to mark sale or special items, the red circle has become asymbol of the good deal. This real estate formula of pose the items mostattractive to buyers in this area was due to product placement, but is not asnecessary as it used to be. Before magazines where overlapped on the crudesstandsand their only exposed area was the top left hand corner. Now larger magazineslike Cosmopolitan are given premium space on magazine stands in shops like W HSmith, and the whole movement cover is visible. However, making use of page realestate is still valid if you take into account that people generally read fromtop to bottom, left to right.ContentCosmopolitan has septette main sectionsCelebsNew Real LifeLove, Sex SuccessYouniverseHealthShopsEvery MonthThe celeb section only has four features andthere is notably no features section. Instead the magazine is verycompartmentalised with standard pages like Cosmo Money, Cosmo Careers andCheats Guide. Cosmopolitan is ultimately a service magazine. It offers a lotof advice and how-to information. Where there are features, the focus onreal-life stories, which often have a sensational element.This paired with the colloquial use of languagecreates intimacy. Not only is Cosmo your friend, its a life manual it is anecessary element in the readers life. This element of necessity of key in themarketing scheme of the magazine, and also the overruling strategy of itsparent company, Natmags, which publishes other manual-like titles includingGood Housekeeping and Mens Health.It also has a Cosmo Offers section. This month,the offers consist of 20% off at Oasis. Affiliation with particular shops is anewer magazine promotion convention it gives the reader an added motive to buythe magazine, and broadens the scope of the magazines ethos, by including theconnotations of the shop they have chosen to be associated with.Layout/visualIn an effort to reclaim the top spot,Cosmopolitan has copied Glam ours handbag size. The have also copied otherlayout elements from Glamour magazine, like the information strip at the top ofthe magazine. They do still produce the magazine in their larger A4 format. Forthe May edition, the A4 version had a free book, while the smaller version hadno free gift. This could work adversely for Cosmopolitan, as it implies thatthe larger version is less valuable and so take the book to justify the price.PriceCosmopolitan have opted for premium pricing, at2.95. There doesnt seem to be clear justification for this price, consideringGlamour, the market leader is a switch cheaper at 1.95, and Marie Claire, whichis rated just behind Cosmopolitan, is now 2.50. Considering Cosmopolitanappeals to the everyday aspect of its audience and doesnt by into fantasy viacelebrity, they make price themselves out of the market. For a magazine aboutthe real world, the price comes across as unrealistic.AdvertisingCosmopolitan has earned a reputation for beingshocking and se nsational through sexual politics. This has often beenrepresented in its advertising campaigns. In 2002 the magazine embarked on anad campaign that had visual ambiguous images. On was of an open fake fur bagwith pink satin lining another was a woman in a bikini with a thin stream ofwhite liquid running down her stomach and another was a lipstick that was shotto look like a vibrator.Extreme tactics like the ones mentioned above arenecessary for a magazine like Cosmopolitan. Many sexual taboos no longer existin current society without them there is no need for Cosmopolitan. There adcampaigns prove we still have problems with sexual themes, and thus validatethe need for the magazine.The May edition of Cosmopolitan has 300 pages(304 including front and back cover). Of these, 122 pages are advertising,excluding classifieds and Cosmopolitans own adverts. According to McCracken (1993, p91) It is no longer appropriate to assume that the magazineis only useful for advertising food and cleani ng products. The magazine needsto increase the range of products it advertises to go steady consistent andongoing revenue.Brand ExpansionSome believe that modern society has broken sodecisively from the past we have lost the certainty of the past and no longerhave traditions to live by. Without traditions we have no idea of how to live.Brands, however, can provide us with a substitute to traditions brands havebecome the new traditions they shape and give meaning to everyday lives -brands are the new traditions in our society. (Grant, 1999)Cosmopolitan have strived to create a brand,through extended products. They have associated magazines Cosmo Girl andCosmo Bride they have their own awards, which is an extension of theirposition to recommend people and products and they also have a lingerie line.On top of this, their cover mounts are often branded. For the A4 May edition,the free book is an edited version of a book that has not soon enough been released,and has Cosmopolitan edit ion written on it.Overview/conclusionCosmopolitan have maintained their politicalstance and prove that there is still a need for what some capability call a femininepolitical crusade with the use of shocking sexual advertising and the recentcoverage of the general election. These have marketing strategies andpromotional strategies that it has employed since its launch in the 1970s.However, with social changes, and the readers new love affair with celebrity -which is not just fuelled by other womens glossies, but also by the influx ofwomens weeklies Cosmopolitan will need to do more to regain its position asmost read womens magazine.ReferenceCosmopolitan Media PackFrance, L. Cosmo is not just about sex. Observer Magazine. 16 Jan, 2005Top 100 merchandising Consumer Magazines. ABC. 2004Gender. National Statistics. October 2004BibliographyGough-Yates, A. Understanding Womens magazines Publishing, markets and Readerships (Routledge, 2003)McCracken, E. Decoding womens Magazines. (Macmil lian, 1993)Grant, J. The new Marketing Manifesto. (Texere, 1999)

Organizational Structure And The Relationship To The Mission

Organizational Structure And The Relationship To The MissionNowadays, with the increase of living quality, more high standard health organizations or facilities ar required to meet the population contend of health compassionate. According to the change of the plan of New South Wales Health, the Childrens infirmary at Westmead (CHW) determines future emergenceal watchfulness and formulates its own strategies, wad and delegating (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2007). In a word, the CHW sticks to respect both children and their families in spite of the change of hospital strategies, mission and vision (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008). Actually, the organisational organize of hospital has relevant relationship that nookie not be neglected and obliterated with mission and vision. Thus, it is considered that the establishment of hospital social organization can help to complete the mission and vision that are designed by organization (University of Western Sydney 2009) meanwhile, mission and vision can blow the hospital body structure that is set up (Madden et al. 2006). The purpose of this article is to overcritically analyse the structure, mission, vision and goals of the CWH, and analyse interaction mingled with organizational structure and mission or vision.Initially, according to the Childrens Hospital at Westmead (2008), the CHW adopts line structure to administer the whole operation of hospital. The mission, vision and goals impacts organizational structure of CHW designed meanwhile, the aim of the structure is to complete the mission, vision and goals (University of Western Sydney 2010). For instance, workforce development which is involved in organizational structure is designed to offer high skill practiti adeptrs of tertiary and quaternity administer (CHW annual report 2008), so that it can meet the demand of mission to complete the promise of hospital. The relationship between clinical operations and segment of nursing show s the influence of mission statement which mentions to set up good consociation. In addition, it can be seen from the organizational chart (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008) that on that point are many departments found for economics, treatment, health care and training and education. All of them established a sustainable foundation for the achievement of hospital vision, which shows that anicteric children for healthy future (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008). At last, the CHW goals direct the development of finance, emergency, health care and other services it also requires the high quality of staffs.Secondly, line structure has both negative and positive impacts on the development of hospital. Admittedly, the line structure of CHW is clear and simple. It shows the clear relationship between each department. Moreover, the organizational chart shows distinct superior-subordinate relationship. For example, according to the organizational chart, clinical operation di rectly administers allied health, diagnostics, medical, critical care and emergency services at the same time, clinical operation pass on in summary of annual work and feedback from lower levels to the highest level named chief executive(The Childrens Health at Westmead 2008). Another advantage of CHW structure is that not only one authority to judge all things. It is shown by the Childrens Hospital at Westmead (2008) that internal audit has right to supervise the action of chief executive. Even so, there are also nigh disadvantages of this line structure. Less communication of parallel departments which may decrease the quality of health service is demonstrated obviously. For instance, it is hypothesised that one child is move immediately into critical care because of emergency situation, but he has renal disease that has not been checked out. If there is no contact with medical and critical care, this child would have life risk. What is worse, sometimes, highest authority can n ot receive the feedback immediately or receive untruthful information due to the incautiously inattention or deliberately concealing of middle or lower departments (Marquis Huston 2009). Therefore, the problems of line structure will result in medical issues and descend the health care level of children.Thirdly, according to the CHW goals (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008), one main line of authority and responsibility is feature by finance and corporate services, community relations and marketing and information services and planning. It is believed that excellent staffs are an important foundation of the high quality health care. It is considered that appropriate incentives can retain the health professionals in different environment, especially in rural and remote areas (Dassault and Franceschini 2006). In addition, high standard of meals and accommodation promote the health care condition. Internet service can help families to solve problems at home as well as, it can help to book the services, which saves time if it is not emergency problem but some small health issue. Furthermore, fundraising from companies or individuals creates equal chance for every child to accept treatment. It is shown by The Childrens Hospital at Westmead (2008), clinical operation and its subordinate departments combined into another main line push hospital to realize the goals. For example, hospital strengthens the infrastructures ( such as advanced equipments) of emergency services, so that patients can accept efficient mend in time. The increase of whole level of clinical services improves the clinical rubber eraser and helps to practice good quality health care.Moreover, some parts of the CHW structure can help to achieve the hospital mission to a original extent. For example, associate health in the structure provides the service to meet the requirement of chronic and complex care which is mentioned in hospital mission (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008). There is a relationship between clinical operation and nursing. Nurses and clinical staffs economize in touch and share working experience with each other to establish good partnership described in mission (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008). Nurses also can express the requirement or complain of patients to clinical practitioners, so that hospital could ensure the profits of children. Whats more, training and education bring up professionals to keep the high quality services. Admittedly, the organizational structure helps to reach the goals. For instance, internet service provides a link to save time of patients or their families to book services. Allied health service offer various health services to detective health issues in the early stage of children.Finally, some aspects of the CHW structure could assist the development of hospital and solve some problems. It has been mentioned that there is an internal audit existing with chief executive, so it enhances hospitals mon itoring, which may avoid the appearance of bureaucracy to a certain degree (Withey Gellatly 2007). The good cohesion and cooperation between different services can make sure the high quality health service and medical safety of patient. One exact situation is that nurses and clinical operations have built a good relationship, which could be useful to operate clinically and solve problems such as conflict between patients and doctors (The Childrens Hospital at Westmead 2008). However, some aspects of this structure also can have negative impacts on the development of hospital and the radical of problems. In spite of the relationship between nursing and clinical operations, it is not enough partnerships for the hospital to promote its health care quality. For example, the lack of linkage between the department of workforce development and clinical operations is one important issue. It is stressed that the method of training workforce is changing with the change of clinical demand (W ithey Gellatly 2007). As a result, the lacking communication between these two departments may lead to the waste of resources including human resources and material resources.Thus, to sum up, the line structure of the CHW is designed to reach the hospital mission, vision and goals meanwhile, organizational structure is impacted by mission, vision and goals. Moreover, line structure has both merits and demerits in supply of health care services. In addition, there are two main lines of authority and responsibility which boost the completeness of hospital goals. Furthermore, some functions of hospital structure are useful for hospital to achieve its mission and goals. At last, the aspects of line structure both assist and descend the development of the CHW. Consequently, mission, vision and goals impact the establishment of organizational structure and organizational structure can help to achieve them. It is recommended that the hospital should change the settled mode of line structu re into the informal mode that is more flexible and hospital might increase the chances of lateral communication as vertical communication (University of Western Sydney 2010).

Essay --

Many risks come along with big bonusesThe burst of the housing bubble in the US caused the collapse of fiscal institutions and the bailed out of banks by governmental institutions resulting in the 2008 financial crisis. One of these banks was the Royal Bank of Scotland who ran out of money. Bankers were blamed for acting out of self-interest and making baseless decisions. These failures will be analysed in this essay by giving answer to the following question How did agency theory contributed to the 2007 financial crisis?Introductory, agency theory discusses the kind in which one party, the principal, delegates work to another, the agent (Eisenhardt, 1989). The core idea behind agency theory is to through contracting align the interest of shareholders (principal) with that of the managers (agents) in order to maximize shareholders value. Thus, the decision-making is being separated from the party who bears the risk therefore, problems can arise. Firstly, the principal cannot veri fy whether the agent has behaved appropriately (the agent and principal have partly di...

The Physics of Roller Coasters Essay -- Physics Science Research

The Physics of Roller CoastersThe bowl coaster has its beginnings in Russia where during the 1600s. People crafted sleds out of wood and strengthened hills made of ice blocks. The hills had sand at the bottom to help slow down the sleds so they would not crash when they reached the bottom of the hill.1 Over time, the roller coaster has cons machinate more complex. They now are taller, hotand are forgeed out of different materials like wood and steel. Although roller coasters are fun and exciting, the questions, what allows them to twist and turn, go up and down hills at a fairly good speed? Why do they not fall off of the track when it goes through a loop? The answer to these questions and others about roller coasters lies in the application of basic physics principals. These principals include potential and kinetic goose egg, gravity, velocity, projectile motion, centripetal acceleration, friction, and inertia.The basic design of a roller coaster consists of a train like coast er that latch ons out at the bottom of the tallest hill of the ride. The train is then pulled up the hill and is pulled to the surpass of the hill. As the train is pulled from the bottom of the hill to the top of it, the trains potential energy is converted onto kinetic energy. Potential energy is defined as the energy of an object lens at a height h above some zero level as equal to the work done by the force of gravity2 (139). Kinetic energy is the energy of an object . . . be motion of its motion2 (132). As the distance between the ground and the train of cars increases, the potential energy of the train increases as well. This increase in potential energy increases the amount of kinetic energy that can be released in the musical arrangement on that pointfore causes the system to be ... ... down(p) causing the train to come to a stop.So, as you can see, roller coasters are an excellent example of the use of forces energy in a system and how they interact with one another to cause motion and to stop motion of objects. If these forces were not present, then we would have a very difficult time doing anything because there would be no way to start motion and if there was motion it would be very difficult to stop it. Works Cited1. Annenberg/CPB. Roller Coaster History diversion Park Physics What are the forces bottomland the fun?. Learner.org http//www.learner.org/exhibits/parkphysics/coaster2.html. . April 29, 2003.2. Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. ed. 4. Harcourt College Publishers. Fort Worth. 2001.3. Britannica Online. Roller Coaster Physics. http//search.eb.com/coasters/physics/. May 1, 2003. The Physics of Roller Coasters prove -- Physics Science ResearchThe Physics of Roller CoastersThe roller coaster has its beginnings in Russia where during the 1600s. People crafted sleds out of wood and built hills made of ice blocks. The hills had sand at the bottom to help slow down the sleds so they woul d not crash when they reached the bottom of the hill.1 Over time, the roller coaster has become more complex. They now are taller, fasterand are designed out of different materials like wood and steel. Although roller coasters are fun and exciting, the questions, what allows them to twist and turn, go up and down hills at a fairly good speed? Why do they not fall off of the track when it goes through a loop? The answer to these questions and others about roller coasters lies in the application of basic physics principals. These principals include potential and kinetic energy, gravity, velocity, projectile motion, centripetal acceleration, friction, and inertia.The basic design of a roller coaster consists of a train like coaster that starts out at the bottom of the tallest hill of the ride. The train is then pulled up the hill and is pulled to the top of the hill. As the train is pulled from the bottom of the hill to the top of it, the trains potential energy is converted onto kinet ic energy. Potential energy is defined as the energy of an object at a height h above some zero level as equal to the work done by the force of gravity2 (139). Kinetic energy is the energy of an object . . . because of its motion2 (132). As the distance between the ground and the train of cars increases, the potential energy of the train increases as well. This increase in potential energy increases the amount of kinetic energy that can be released in the system therefore causes the system to be ... ... depleted causing the train to come to a stop.So, as you can see, roller coasters are an excellent example of the use of forces energy in a system and how they interact with one another to cause motion and to stop motion of objects. If these forces were not present, then we would have a very difficult time doing anything because there would be no way to start motion and if there was motion it would be very difficult to stop it. Works Cited1. Annenberg/CPB. Roller Coaster History Amus ement Park Physics What are the forces behind the fun?. Learner.org http//www.learner.org/exhibits/parkphysics/coaster2.html. . April 29, 2003.2. Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. ed. 4. Harcourt College Publishers. Fort Worth. 2001.3. Britannica Online. Roller Coaster Physics. http//search.eb.com/coasters/physics/. May 1, 2003.

Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea Essay -- Essays Papers

Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Hemingway and published in 1952. This is a captivating fiction story about a man named Santiago and his adventure when one day, he goes on a fishing voyage to catch the big one. so far, this adventure quickly becomes one of pain and suffering when things take a turn for the worse.The Old Man and the Sea takes in plate in Havana, Cuba and the fishing waters off the coast of Havana. The Spanish names, Santiago and Manolin, are typical in Cuba. Cuba is more or lessly Catholic so this accounted for Santiagos devotion to saviour Christ. The year seems to be around the 1930s and 1940s because Santiago is a big fan of Joe DiMaggio who played during these years. In the 1930s and 40s, the city of Havana was booming with population and business. Seafood is one of the most popular foods in Havana so to meet the rising demand of fish, many young boys learned how to be fishermen as Manolin did. Santiago is a interlocking character who learns a lot through the course of this story. He is a very good, humble man and loves Manolin, his scholar. Santiago is a poor man and is regarded as bad luck by others because he was not caught a single fish in 84 days. One cannot help feel sorry for him because he is very alone. His wife died and the book suggested that he never had any children. Yet he was humble and did not complain at all about his arduous life. Santiago is a very persistant and determined character. He fought the huge marlin that he had caught for three agonizing days desopite feeling intense pain. He often had confounding feelings and thoughts. One that I found strange was when he felt sorry for the marlin while he joyfully pondered how much money he would get for merchandising the fish. Mololin is Santiagos apprentice. Since he was a young child, Manolin has accompanied Santiago to learn how to fish. Santiago loves him very much because he sees him as the son he never had. H owever Manolins parents stops him from going to Santiago because they think he is cursed and has bad luck.Santiago is an old fisherman and has been for most of his life. He used to have an apprentice named Manolin but his parents made stop because of the belief that he is bad luck for he hasnt caught a fish in eighty four days. One day he decided that he wasnt going home without catching a fish. So ... ...is telling its readers to look at the positive aspects of things, even if at first-year it seems like a tragedy. A personal example of this is when my family got our first cat. My mom was in subway on her way to work, she was already late. She was running to catch a train only to see the doors close right in her face. She got on the train worried on what her boss will say. She sat next to a very sad woman with a kitten in a cage. When asked what was wrong she said that she found a lost kitten and since her super doesnt relinquish cats in the apartment, she was going to the shelt er to leave the kitten. My mother said she would keep the kitten and the woman gladly gave it to my mom. Hemmingways novel goes to show that things arent as bad as they first seem.The Old Man and the Sea also expresses humility. Santiago is a fairly poor man and often goes hungry, yet he never complains or protests. Santiago shows his humility many other times in the novel like when he was batting the marlin and he gashed his hand and received other bare wounds. Finally he never said a word of anger when he battled the sharks to save his fish but failed. Humility is a good set apart that many of us dont have.

Native American Essay -- essays research papers

From as early as the time of the early Europeansettlers, Native Americans have sufferedtremendously. Native Americans during the time ofthe early settlers where treated very badly. Europeansdid what they treasured with the Native Americans, andwhen a group of Native Americans would stand up forthemselves, the European would quickly put them down. The Native Americans bow and arrows where no matchfor the Europeans guns and cannon balls. When theEuropeans guns didnt work for the Europeans, the diseasethey bought killed the Native Americans even moreeffectively. In a poem by Louise Enrich called Dear JohnWayne a line from a cowboy and Indian movie states theposition of many European settlers in the Americas" every(prenominal)thing we see belongs to us". Native Americans did not like the way they were beingtreated. Every generation that passes, there would be fewerand fewer Native Americans around the Americas. NativeAmericans were dying like flies flying around bug sprayingmi st. If it were not a war (The French and Indian war) thatwere killing them off it would be European disease (Cowand Small pox). The Native Americans saw what theEuropeans were doing to their lives, they wanted their grizzlyway of life, and they wanted the Europeans to go away. Inthe movie Smoke Signals a line that was said by acharacter called Arnold Joseph represents the feelings ofthe Native Americans "Poof The neat people are gone". The Eur...